One man’s quest to translate the great poetry of Persia.
Hafez, Iran’s ubiquitous poet, as depicted in 16th Century painting by
Sultan Muhammad. Courtesy The Metropolitan Museum Of Art/President And Fellows
Of Harvard College and The Daily Beast
by Brad Gooch, The Daily Beast
When Dick Davis, the preeminent translator of Persian poetry of our time, was a boy in Portsmouth, England, in the 1950s, he found on his parents’ bookshelf a copy of Edward FitzGerald’s swooning Victorian translations of The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám. Its presence was not so unusual, as those verses (“A Jug of Wine, a Loaf of Bread—and Thou”) had set off a minor craze. If an English middle-class family owned just three books, along with the Bible and Shakespeare would be FitzGerald. “It was a kind of universal badge of culture,” Davis jokes. Yet he absorbed so much of what he later described as “the candied death-wish of FitzGerald” that he knew most by heart. Instead of anxiety of influence, he experienced an opiated hit of influence.
When Dick Davis, the preeminent translator of Persian poetry of our time, was a boy in Portsmouth, England, in the 1950s, he found on his parents’ bookshelf a copy of Edward FitzGerald’s swooning Victorian translations of The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám. Its presence was not so unusual, as those verses (“A Jug of Wine, a Loaf of Bread—and Thou”) had set off a minor craze. If an English middle-class family owned just three books, along with the Bible and Shakespeare would be FitzGerald. “It was a kind of universal badge of culture,” Davis jokes. Yet he absorbed so much of what he later described as “the candied death-wish of FitzGerald” that he knew most by heart. Instead of anxiety of influence, he experienced an opiated hit of influence.
Teleport
forward 60 years, and Dick Davis, white-haired, spectacled professor
emeritus of Persian at the Ohio State University and fellow of the Royal
Society of Literature, is still adding tile by colored tile to a busy
mosaic of translation that former National Endowment for the Arts
chairman Dana Gioia insists is the “most remarkable poetic translation
project in the last 20 years.” He began with epics the equal of The
Iliad in Persian civilization—the Shahnameh, or Book of Kings, and The Conference of the Birds,
Attar’s flight of Sufi fancy about various birds in search of the
eternally elusive Bird of Birds. Now Davis has succeeded at the
enigmatic 14th-century poet Hafez, along with his contemporaries female
poet Jahan Malek Khatun and dirty-minded Obayd, in Faces of Love: Hafez and the Poets of Shiraz.
Hafez is so beloved in Iran that cabdrivers recite his lyrics by heart
and families at holidays tell fortunes by opening to random lines of his
poems—attesting to both their seductive beauty and their Sphinx-like
ambiguity. Davis reminds us by folding in these two other court poets
that Shiraz in Hafez’s lifetime was a poetry genius cluster.
Davis and his wife, Afkham Darbandi, met in Iran when he went to a hospital. Courtesy of Mage Publishers and The Daily Beast
Not only Davis’s career track, but his entire life, as he tells the tale, has a hint of FitzGerald’s kismet—“The Moving Finger writes: and, having writ,/Moves on”—until he found his way to Iran and its ancient language. The author of eight of his own books of poems (in unfashionable meter and rhyme), in “A Letter to Omar” he asks, “Was it for you I answered that advertisement?” The want ad, for an English instructor in Tehran, caught Davis’s eye after Cambridge, where as an undergrad he befriended the aged novelist E.M. Forster, who filled his head with the glories of Persia’s Mogul culture. In 1970, Davis arrived in Iran to teach at the University of Tehran. A year later, he met his wife, Afkham Darbandi, an Iranian who arranged for a blood transfusion when he arrived in a hospital emergency room. “A doctor said to me, ‘You see that nurse? She saved your life,’” recalls Davis. “That was worth following up.”
Since fleeing Iran in 1979, Davis has not returned for fear of spoiling his happy memories. Courtesy Abbas/Magnum and The Daily Beast
Eight years into his romance with
both his wife and the Persian language, after living full time in
Tehran, the Islamic Revolution of 1978–79 drew a bright red line between
past and future. At first he and his wife “expected things to blow
over,” says Davis. “It wasn’t nearly as dramatic as Argo.
The revolutionary crowds were actually very sympathetic to Westerners. I
went to demonstrations, and I never felt in any danger. They would say,
‘Tell your people what we are doing!’ This was before the hostages, and
there was a kind of euphoria about it all.” Soon, though, Tehran was
under martial law, the streets full of tanks, with shooting. As they
lived in a third-floor apartment with big windows on Avenue Villa, a
main boulevard, they moved in with Indian friends from England on a
hidden narrow backstreet, and they devised an exit strategy.
By
the time the Davises escaped Iran in November, shortly before the
shah’s departure in January 1979, the tick of drama was much more Argo.
One of Davis’s students worked at the airport and helped him get plane
tickets. Another worked at the National Bank, where all their savings
were frozen: “I mentioned this to my student, who said, ‘If you trust
me, Mr. Davis, give me your money, and when you get to England, it will
be in your bank.’ Indeed every cent of it was there.” While his wife
returns every few years to visit family, Davis has not. “I am reluctant
to go back,” he explains. “I had students who were killed in the
revolution. I can remember faces of people I know were killed, so that
gives me an extremely bitter feeling. I met my wife there and found my
intellectual passion for the rest of my life. When my wife comes back,
she cries for two weeks at the dreadful changes. I have this very
positive image of Iran. I don’t want that spoiled.”
From Iran With Love
A selection of poems excerpted from ‘Faces of Love: Hafez and the Poets of Shiraz.’
My love’s for pretty faces,
For heart-bewitching hair;
I’m crazy for good wine,
A languorous, drunk stare ...
In love there’s no escaping
The burning of desire;
I stand here like a candle –
Don’t scare me with your fire.
I am a man from heaven,
But on this path I see
My love of youth and beauty
Have made a slave of me.
If Fate will help me, I
Will take myself elsewhere –
My bed will be swept clean
By some sweet houri’s hair.
Shiraz is like a mine
Of ruby lips, a store
Of loveliness ... and I’m
A jeweler who’s dirt-poor.
I’ve seen so many drunk
Eyes in this town, I think
I’m drunk, although I swear
I’ve had no wine to drink.
You asked me to explain
Eternity for you –
Well certainly, when I
Have downed a drink or two.
Hafez, my nature’s like
A hopeful bride, but I
Lack mirrors to array
Myself – that’s why I sigh.
—Hafez
How long will you be like
A cypress tree,
And lean your lovely head
Away from me?
Sorrow is all you’ve ever
Brought to me;
I will not ask how long
I am to be
The knocker on your door
You do not see,
The iron ring you pass
Obliviously.
My pillow’s made of absence –
While you are free
To taste another’s love,
Forgetting me.
If I could follow your
Curls’ scent I’d see
A way to let their night
Envelop me;
Since you have left me to
This misery,
Tears, and a heart on fire
Are all of me.
I don’t deserve you, but
I long to see
The sunlight of your face
Shine here, for me.
Although you’ve shown that you
Don’t care for me,
My soul still wishes you
Prosperity.
—Jahan Khatun
Your face’s absence leaves mine waxy-white,
like a candle;
How long will my tears drip, blearing my sight,
like a candle?
You sleep, and on your pillow I lie broken,
self-consumed,
Awake and weeping till the morning light,
like a candle.
—Jahan Khatun
I’m off to stroll through the bazaar – and there
I’ll see what can be flushed out from its lair;
I’ll lure a rent-boy home here, or a whore;
One of the two – either will do – I don’t care.
—Obayd-e Zakani
From Faces of Love: Hafez and the Poets of Shiraz, Mage Publishers. Copyright 2013 by Dick Davis.
Via Brad Gooch
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